贯通培养基础阶段英语教学中融入中国文化的探索

长期以来，我国的英语教育一直偏重西方文化信息和知识的输入，而中国文化较少涉及或缺失，导致学生用英语表达中国文化的意识不强，能力不足。在中国文化“走出去”的战略背景下，将中国文化融入到英语教学中，不仅有利于提升学生的跨文化交际能力，使他们在中外文化交流中更好地弘扬中国文化，讲好中国故事，而且能够拓展和加深学生对中国文化的认知和理解，坚定文化自信，增强民族文化认同感，培育中国精神，增强爱国情怀。     

不同林龄杉木林下套种阔叶树对土壤磷组分的影响

套种是杉木人工林经营的重要措施,磷是南方森林生态系统中主要限制性养分元素之一,但套种模式对土壤磷素的影响尚不明确。以亚热带杉木人工林表层(0-10 cm)土壤为对象,研究套种林(杉阔套种幼林、杉阔套种成熟林)和杉木幼林土壤理化性质和土壤各形态磷含量差异,分析套种对杉木人工林土壤磷含量的影响。结果表明:(1)不同套种林显著改变土壤总磷、土壤总无机磷、土壤总有机磷、土壤微生物生物量磷(MBP)和土壤酸性磷酸酶活性(APA),大小顺序均为杉阔套种成熟林>杉阔套种幼林>杉木幼林。(2)土壤各磷组分中活性磷含量较低,其中NaHCO3-Po在活性组分中占主导;土壤NaOH-Po是中等活性磷的主要组分,杉阔套种成熟林尤为显著;闭蓄态磷(Residual-P)在总磷含量中最高。(3)与杉木幼林相比,杉阔套种成熟林显著增加了树脂提取态磷(Resin-Pi)、碳酸氢钠提取态有机和无机磷(NaHCO3-Pi、NaHCO3-Po)、氢氧化钠提取态有机和无机磷(NaOH-Pi、NaOH-Po)、氢氧化钠残留提取态有机磷(NaOHu.s-Po)、盐酸提取态磷(HCl-Pi)和闭蓄态磷(Residual-P)含量;土壤总无机磷、NaHCO3-Po、HCl-Pi、NaHCO3-Pi、NaOHu.s-Pi和Residual-P对杉阔套种幼林的响应不敏感。(4)除含水率外不同林龄下杉阔套种林土壤磷形态与土壤理化性质(土壤总碳氮、土壤可溶性有机氮、土壤微生物生物量磷、酸性磷酸酶)呈正相关性(P<0.05)。冗余分析表明,土壤磷组分的变化主要受MBP调控,且MBP与有机磷组分(NaOHu.s-Po、NaOH-Po)和HCI-Pi呈显著正相关。总之,套种林的土壤磷素有效性高于杉木幼林,土壤养分状况更佳。     

蜂胶对细菌脂多糖刺激下奶牛乳腺上皮细胞炎症相关基因mRNA转录水平和紧密连接蛋白的影响

本试验旨在研究中国蜂胶乙醇提取物（ethanol extract of Chinese propolis，EECP）对细菌脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide，LPS）刺激下体外培养奶牛乳腺上皮细胞炎症相关基因mRNA转录水平和紧密连接渗透性的影响。EECP中总酚酸和总黄酮含量测定采用福林酚法和硝酸铝法，并建立LPS诱导奶牛乳腺上皮细胞（bovine mammary epithelial cells，MAC-T）炎症模型，采用CCK-8法测定EECP对MAC-T相对增殖率的影响，利用实时荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR）评估EECP对LPS诱导的MAC-T细胞炎症相关因子（IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α和IL-1β）相对mRNA转录水平；以及对紧密连接蛋白（occludin、ZO-1）相对mRNA转录水平进行检测，并进一步利用免疫荧光技术对紧密连接膜蛋白进行定位，确定EECP对LPS诱导MAC-T细胞炎症紧密连接渗透性的影响。结果显示：EECP中总酚酸含量为106.35 mg没食子酸当量（GAE）·g^-1、总黄酮含量为320.85 mg芦丁当量（RE）·g^-1；CCK-8结果显示EECP的安全浓度为0~15 μg·mL^-1，并可有效提高LPS刺激下MAC-T的活力；LPS刺激显著增加了细胞炎症相关因子IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α和IL-1β mRNA的转录量（P<0.001）；但2.5~15.0 μg·mL^-1 EECP预处理显著降低了IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α和IL-1β mRNA的转录量；与此类似，LPS刺激显著抑制了紧密连接蛋白基因（occludin、ZO-1）mRNA的转录量（P<0.01），而EECP预处理后紧密连接蛋白基因（occludin和ZO-1）mRNA的转录量显著增加（P<0.05）；免疫荧光染色试验也证实EECP能通过上调紧密连接蛋白（occludin、ZO-1）的表达，缓解LPS诱导的乳腺上皮细胞屏障功能紊乱。该结果证实，EECP对细菌脂多糖诱导奶牛乳腺上皮细胞炎症具有良好的保护作用，这为利用中国蜂胶预防奶牛乳腺炎提供了试验基础。     

Dietary ginger administration attenuates oxidative stress and immunosuppression caused by oxytetracycline in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

In the present study, potential ameliorative effects of dietary ginger (GN) were investigated on antioxidant and immune responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during oxytetracycline (OX) administration. As a 2 × 3 factorial design, the fish were orally treated with OX (a daily dose of 100 mg/kg) and GN (either 10 or 20 g/kg diet) for 10 days. Then, blood samples were taken from each treatment to monitor plasma lysozyme, complement (ACH50), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) activities, and reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), total immunoglobulin (Ig) and globulin levels. OX treatment significantly decreased SOD (30%), GPx, (10%) and lysozyme (23%) activities, and GSH (19%) levels; however, it increased GST (16%) activity and MDA (28%) levels. Ten grams GN per kg levels significantly decreased SOD (35%), CAT (13%), GST (20%) and MDA (30%), but increased GSH (30%), lysozyme (48%) and globulin (16%). Twenty grams GN per kg diet significantly decreased SOD (26%) and MDA (17%), but increased lysozyme (31%) levels. Interaction effects of dietary GN and OX were observed on plasma MDA and GPx levels, as 10 g GN per kg diet prevented the OTC‐induced changes in these parameters. Moreover, 20 g GN per kg diet prevented the OX‐induced change in GPx activity and mitigated the MDA elevation by 20%. It is concluded that GN administration at 10 g/kg diet is beneficial in mitigating oxidative stress and immunosuppression of rainbow trout during OX administration.     

Evolution of marine fisheries management in China from 1949 to 2019: How did China get here and where does China go next?

China is the world’s biggest fishing nation and a major player in the global seafood trade. Its fisheries development can decisively influence the global seafood trade, food security and marine conservation. In recent years, significant changes have taken place in China’s fisheries management priorities, policies and regulations. In this paper, we review the evolving fisheries management practices in China to delineate changes in the management policies, methods and their performances from 1949 to 2019. We determined that the following issues impede the development, implementation and enforcement of fisheries policies and regulations, namely the large size of the fishing fleet, large and poorly organized fisheries population, the “hidden” fishing capacity, uniform management approaches that sometimes fail to account for local conditions, lack of clearly defined and allocated fishing rights, limited data quality and availability, insufficient fisheries monitoring programmes, absence of a robust scientific input framework and insufficient stakeholder involvement. Combining those problems with China’s current management initiatives, we propose recommendations for China’s future fisheries reforms. We hope this paper can inform China’s marine fisheries policies and provide valuable references for further researches related to China’s sustainable fisheries management.     

利用KASP标记定位小麦群体中的无芒位点Awn-4A.1

芒是小麦穗部重要的光合器官之一，是小麦长期进化和适应环境的产物，对小麦产量和逆境适应具有重要影响。为了探究芒的发育及芒长的遗传机制，本研究利用小麦无芒品种中国春（Chinese Spring，CS）和有芒品系MK147构建的F₂分离群体与F₅代重组自交系（RIL）群体为材料，对无芒位点进行了标记和定位。遗传分析表明，群体中的无芒性状受半显性单基因控制；采用Wheat660K SNP芯片结合集群分离分析法（bulked segregate analysis，BSA）在F₂群体构建的无芒、有芒混池中检测到一个多态性SNP标记的富集区，初步将QTL定位于4A染色体上。在该QTL区间开发了58个KASP标记，并将定位区间缩小至KASP标记SNP-1537与SNP-4195之间，遗传距离为0.81 cM，对应中国春参考基因组（IWGSC.Ref.V1.0）4A染色体上9.23 Mb （100.56～109.79 Mb）的区间，将该位点命名为 Awn-4A.1。     

西方语境的中国古典园林审美认知历史溯源

中国古典园林审美不仅仅在中国文化体系中进行讨论，随着全球化进程，西方语境学者也逐渐涉及相关的内容。尝试寻找一种跨文化的“他者”视角，梳理近3个世纪以来西方语境的中国古典园林审美认知经历的3个主要阶段。以18世纪为开端，经过19—20世纪借助西译艺术著作和海外园林建设实现对审美理解从印象到真实的转变，到进入21世纪后诞生的跨学科的诸多新观，这个过程中展现出以中国传统园林审美为代表的打破自身线性历史的闭关自守，回归全球语境的未来中国古典园林研究趋势。     

电商环境下新中式木家具外贸市场分析

随着全球电子商务蓬勃发展,新中式木家具突破传统的国内营销环境,在“一带一路”沿线国家提高外贸市场占有率越来越重要。简述了电商环境与传统营销环境异同点,对新中式木家具外贸市场进行初步研判,提出了拓展电商环境下新中式木家具外贸市场措施。     

翻心型大白菜新品种连狮1 号的选育

连狮1 号是以连云港地区菜农提供的中狮头自留种为原始种，经4 代自交提纯选育成的大白菜新品种。株型紧凑， 整齐度较好，叶球为长筒翻心形，叶片呈长倒卵形，叶表面具有较深核桃纹并带稀疏茸毛。株高35 cm，外叶数约10 片， 叶球高28～32 cm、横径22～27 cm，单个叶球质量3.5～4.0 kg，每667 m² 叶球产量4 700 kg 左右，净菜率达83%。生育期 为90～95 d（天），田间抗病毒病、霜霉病、根肿病能力优于对照中狮头，适合在江苏、安徽、山东等地及其相近气候条件 地区秋季种植。